Sunday, December 29, 2019

What Is Fiberglass and How Is It Manufactured

Fiberglass, or â€Å"glass fiber,† is much like Kleenex, a Thermos or a Dumpster in that a trademarked name has become so familiar that people usually only think of one thing when they hear it. As a Kleenex is a tissue or a Dumpster is a trash bin, Fiberglass is the fluffy, pink insulation that lines the attics of people’s homes, right? Actually, that’s only a part of the story. The Owens Corning company did trademark the widely used insulation product known as Fiberglass. But, fiberglass itself has a familiar base structure and a wide variety of uses. Fiberglass Background Fiberglass really is made of glass, similar to windows or the drinking glasses in the kitchen. The glass is heated until it is molten, then it is forced through superfine holes, creating glass filaments that are very thin — so thin they are better measured in microns. These threads can then be woven into larger swatches of material  or left in the somewhat less structured although more familiar puffy substance used for insulation or soundproofing. This will depend on whether the extruded strands were made longer or shorter, and the quality of the fiberglass. For some applications, it is important for the glass fibers to have fewer impurities, which involves additional steps in the manufacturing process. Manufacturing With Fiberglass Different resins may then be added to fiberglass once it is woven together to give it added strength, as well as allow it to be molded into various shapes. Common items made of fiberglass include swimming pools and spas, doors, surfboards, sporting equipment, boat hulls and a wide array of exterior automobile parts. The light yet durable nature of fiberglass also makes it ideal for more delicate applications, such as in circuit boards. Fiberglass may be mass-produced in mats or sheets or custom-made for a specific purpose. A new bumper or fender on an automobile, for example, may need to be custom-made to replace a damaged area, or for the production of a new model. For this, one would create a form in the desired shape out of foam or some other material, then layer fiberglass coated in resin over it. The fiberglass will harden, then can be reinforced with more layers, or reinforced from within. But, for items like shingles, a massive sheet of a fiberglass and resin compound may be manufactured and cut by machine. It should be noted that fiberglass is not carbon fiber, nor is it glass-reinforced plastic, although it is similar to both. Carbon fiber, which is made of strands of carbon, cannot be extruded into strands as long as fiberglass, as it will break. This, among other reasons, makes fiberglass cheaper to manufacture, although it is not as strong. Glass-reinforced plastic is what it sounds like — plastic with fiberglass embedded into it to increase strength. The similarities to fiberglass are apparent, but a defining characteristic of fiberglass is that the glass strands are the main component. Recycling Fiberglass Although there has not been much advancement in the recycling of fiberglass items once they have already been produced, fiberglass itself may be manufactured from recycled glass and is often done so. Owens Corning has reported the production of fiberglass insulation with as much as 70% recycled glass.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Creating a Social Media Strategy Essay - 1317 Words

Introduction Technology has transformed the world as we know it and our lives at present are considerably different than our ancestors. The use of electronic devices and especially with combination of internet has become almost a necessity. Over the past decade, internet usage has been significantly influenced by the use of social media and it radically transformed the use of internet. Understanding the impact of social media on personal, social and also institutional level can utilize it efficiently. Social media is a platform which enables interactive communication among individuals, communities and organizations. The authors of Users of the World, Unite! define social media as a group of Internet-based applications that build on†¦show more content†¦Social media is constantly evolving and it difficult to predict what they have for us in future. Therefore it is important that we understand the current trends and future possibilities, so that we can create a proper strategy for utilizing social media. Significance Social media has become a part of everyday life and it has huge impact on individual communication, marketing and also how we perceive information. Social networking enables individuals and organizations creating limitless possibilities for interaction. For an individual, social media can be effective to communicate with other individuals and also market their skills. In this competitive world, to stay ahead, we need to know how to utilize social media effectively. As an individual, social media can be effectively used for networking, socializing, staying in touch with people and also marketing ourselves. Social media is a boon to organizations. It can help them build an effective way to interactive way to interact with people and at the same time market their product. Also the data collected from social media analysis can be useful for organization to build a marketing strategy. Social media can be an effective mean to advertise and build brand value at low costs and at the same t ime, reach large no.of customers. Social media has users all across the globe and people with different professions. Hence social media is an effective platform forShow MoreRelatedSocial Strategies That Promoted Relationship With Customers1391 Words   |  6 PagesThis presentation is on social strategies that promoted relationship with customers. The internet is the tool used today to communicate; the power lies in the hands of the user. Almost everyone can share their opinion and can express themselves freely through social media. We begin this presentation by introducing social strategies that promote relationship with customers. In Piskorski (2011) researched, he demonstrates three components that bring a successful social strategy. 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In addition the company can help its customers by providing an assessment and an effective plan, so that they can decide what should they focus on their marketing efforts. Branding service: In order to keep the look from messages of a company be consistent in all marketing platform, ATT Group provides a business brand strategy includingRead MoreSocial Media As The X Factor Of Your Marketing Plan1084 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media as the X factor of your marketing plan People are more connected than ever before using Social Media. Yet, many companies insist on dealing with Social Media as an extra activity and not as integrating a vital component into the Marketing Plan. In today’s challenging business environment, many companies even fail to recognize that although a business plan talks about where to go, and a marketing plan about how to get there, is a Social Media plan what effectively guides how to connectRead MoreHow Social Media Strategy Is An Essential Component Of A Broader Marketing Plan Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Create Your Social Media Strategy By MJ Adams | Submitted On January 24, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author MJ Adams A Social Media Strategy is an essential component of a broader

Friday, December 13, 2019

Bloodlines Chapter Twenty Free Essays

string(84) " I assured her I could and then called Adrian with instructions to be ready for me\." I ALMOST ASKED, â€Å"Are you serious?† But let’s face it: that probably wasn’t the kind of thing she would joke about, especially considering how grave her face looked. Other questions popped into my head, but I held back on those as well. They weren’t that weird, but I didn’t want to draw attention to myself by showing unusual interest in a grisly murder. We will write a custom essay sample on Bloodlines Chapter Twenty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, I simply thanked Mrs. Dawson for her help with the letter and returned to East Campus. Mrs. Weathers was at her desk when I entered the dorm. I brought her the letter, which she read over twice before tucking it away in her filing cabinet. â€Å"All right,† she said. â€Å"Just make sure your sister signs in and out each time.† â€Å"I will, ma’am. Thank you.† I hesitated, torn over whether to go or ask the questions Mrs. Dawson’s information had triggered. I decided to stay. â€Å"Mrs. Weathers†¦ ever since Jill disappeared, I just keep thinking about that girl you told me about. The one who died. I keep thinking that could’ve been Jill.† Mrs. Dawson’s face softened. â€Å"Jill’s fine. I shouldn’t have told you that. I didn’t mean to scare you.† â€Å"Is it true that girl’s throat was slit?† â€Å"Yes.† She shook her head sadly. â€Å"Terrible. Simply terrible. I don’t know who does that kind of thing.† â€Å"Did they ever find out why it happened? I mean, was there anything unusual about her?† â€Å"Unusual? No, not really. I mean, she was a lovely girl. Smart, pretty, popular. A good – no, great – athlete. Had friends, a boyfriend. But nothing that would especially make her stand out as a target. Of course, people who do awful things like that probably don’t need a reason.† â€Å"True,† I murmured. I walked up to my room, wishing Mrs. Weathers had elaborated a little more on how pretty Kelly was. What I really wanted to know was if Kelly had been Moroi. If she had, I’d hoped Mrs. Weathers might comment on how tall or pale she was. By both Clarence’s and the Alchemists’ accounts, no Moroi on record had lived in the Palm Springs area. That didn’t mean someone couldn’t slip through the cracks, however. I’d have to find the answer myself. If Kelly had been Moroi, then we had three young Moroi women killed in the same way in southern California within a relatively short time span. Clarence might argue for his vampire hunter theory, but to me, this pattern screamed Strigoi. Jill was in our room, serving out her house arrest. The more time passed, the less angry I felt toward her. Having the feeding issue fixed helped. I would’ve been a lot more upset if we’d been unable to get her off campus. â€Å"What’s wrong?† she asked me, looking up from her laptop. â€Å"Why do you think anything’s wrong?† She smiled. â€Å"You’ve got that look. It’s this tiny frown you get between your eyebrows when you’re trying to figure something out.† I shook my head. â€Å"It’s nothing.† â€Å"You know,† she said, â€Å"maybe all these responsibilities you have wouldn’t be as bad if you talked them out and got help from other people.† â€Å"It’s not quite like that. It’s just something I’m trying to puzzle out.† â€Å"Tell me,† she entreated. â€Å"You can trust me.† It wasn’t a matter of trust. It was a matter of unnecessarily worrying Jill. Mrs. Weathers had feared she would scare me, but if someone was killing Moroi girls, I wasn’t in danger. Looking at Jill and her unwavering gaze, I decided if she could handle living with the knowledge that her own people were trying to kill her, she could handle this. I gave her a brief summary of what I knew. â€Å"You don’t know if Kelly was Moroi, though,† she said, once I’d finished. â€Å"No. That’s the crucial piece here.† I sat cross-legged on my bed with my own laptop. â€Å"I’m going to check our records and local newspapers to see if I can find a picture of her. All I learned from Mrs. Weathers is that Kelly was a star athlete.† â€Å"Which may mean she’s not Moroi,† said Jill. â€Å"I mean, look at how terrible I perform in this sun. What happens if she’s not? You’ve got a lot of theories hinging on her being Moroi. But what if she was human? What then? Can we ignore it? It could still be the same person†¦ but what would it mean if the murderer had killed two Moroi and one human?† Jill had a point. â€Å"I don’t know,† I said. My search didn’t take long. The Alchemists had no record of the murder, but then, they wouldn’t if Kelly had been human. Lots of newspapers had stories about her, but I couldn’t find any pictures. â€Å"What about a yearbook?† asked Jill. â€Å"Someone must keep them around.† â€Å"That’s actually pretty brilliant,† I said. â€Å"See? I told you I’m useful.† I smiled at her and then remembered something. â€Å"Oh, I’ve got good news for you. Maybe.† I briefly recapped Kristin and Julia’s â€Å"plan† about Jill joining the sewing club. Jill brightened but was still cautious. â€Å"You really think that would work?† â€Å"Only one way to find out.† â€Å"I’ve never touched a sewing machine in my life,† she said. â€Å"I guess this is your chance to learn,† I told her. â€Å"Or maybe the other girls will be happy to just keep you around as their in-class model.† Jill smirked. â€Å"How do you know only girls sign up for that?† â€Å"I don’t,† I admitted. â€Å"Just playing off gender stereotypes, I guess.† My cell phone rang, and Ms. Terwilliger’s number flashed on the display. I answered, bracing for a coffee run. â€Å"Miss Melbourne?† she said. â€Å"If you and your brother can be at Carlton within an hour, you can speak to someone in the registrar’s office before they close. Can you manage that?† I looked at the time and took it on faith Adrian wasn’t doing anything important. â€Å"Um, yes. Yes, of course, ma’am. Thank you. Thank you very much.† â€Å"The man you’ll want to talk to is named Wes Regan.† She paused. â€Å"And could you bring me a cappuccino on your way back?† I assured her I could and then called Adrian with instructions to be ready for me. Quickly, I changed out of my uniform and into a blouse and twill skirt. Glancing at my reflection, I realized he was right. There really wasn’t a lot of difference between Amberwood attire and my normal wardrobe. â€Å"I wish I could go,† said Jill wistfully. â€Å"I’d like to see Adrian again.† â€Å"Don’t you kind of see him every day in a way?† â€Å"True,† she said. â€Å"Although I can’t always get into his head when I want to yet. It just happens randomly. And anyway, it’s not the same. He can’t talk back to me through the bond.† I nearly replied that it sounded better than being around him in person but figured that wouldn’t be helpful. Adrian was ready to go when I reached Clarence’s, excited and eager for action. â€Å"You just missed your friend,† he said as he got into Latte. â€Å"Who?† â€Å"Keith.† I made a face. â€Å"He’s not really my friend.† â€Å"Oh, you think? Most of us figured that out on day one, Sage.† I felt a little bad about that. Some part of me knew that I shouldn’t let my personal feelings for Keith mix with business. We were co-workers of sorts and should’ve been presenting a united, professional front. At the same time, I was kind of glad these people – even if they were vampires and dhampirs – didn’t think I was friendly with Keith. I didn’t want them thinking he and I had much in common. I certainly didn’t want to have a lot in common with him. The full meaning of Adrian’s words suddenly hit me. â€Å"Wait. He was just here?† â€Å"A half hour ago.† He must have come straight from the school. I was lucky to have missed him. Something told me he wouldn’t approve of me furthering Adrian’s education. â€Å"What was he here for?† â€Å"Dunno. I think he was checking on Clarence. The old guy hasn’t been feeling well.† Adrian pulled a pack of cigarettes out of his pocket. â€Å"Do you mind?† â€Å"Yes,† I replied. â€Å"What’s wrong with Clarence?† â€Å"I don’t know, but he’s been resting a lot, which makes things even more boring. I mean, he wasn’t the greatest conversationalist, but some of his crazy stories were interesting.† Adrian turned wistful. â€Å"Especially with scotch.† â€Å"Keep me updated on how he’s doing,† I murmured. I wondered if perhaps that was why Keith had been in such a hurry earlier. If Clarence was seriously ill, we were going to have to make arrangements with a Moroi doctor. That would complicate our setup here in Palm Springs because we’d either have to move Clarence or bring in someone. If Keith was working on it, then I shouldn’t have concerned myself†¦ but I just didn’t trust him to do a good job with anything. â€Å"I don’t know how you put up with him,† said Adrian. â€Å"I used to think you were weak and just didn’t fight back†¦ but now, honestly, I think you’re actually pretty tough. It takes a hell of a lot of strength to not complain and lash out. I don’t have that self-control.† â€Å"You’ve got more than you think,† I said, a little flustered by the compliment. I was down on myself so much for what I saw as not pushing back sometimes that it had never occurred to me that took its own strength. I was even more surprised that it would take Adrian to point this out to me. â€Å"I’m always walking a line. My dad – and the Alchemists – are really big on obedience and following the directions of your superiors. I’m kind of in a double bind because I’m on shaky ground with them, so it’s extra important for me to not make a fuss.† â€Å"Because of Rose?† His tone was carefully controlled. I nodded. â€Å"Yup. What I did was tantamount to treason in their eyes.† â€Å"I don’t know what ‘tantamount’ means, but it sounds pretty serious.† I could see him studying me out of the corner of his eye. â€Å"Was it worth it?† â€Å"So far.† It was easy to say that since Zoe had no tattoo yet and I hadn’t seen a re-education center. If those things changed, so might my answers. â€Å"It was the right thing to do. I guess that justified dramatic action.† â€Å"I broke a lot of rules to help Rose too,† he said, a troubled tone in his voice. â€Å"I did it out of love. Misguided love, but love nonetheless. I don’t know if that’s as noble as your reasons, particularly since she was in love with someone else. Most of my ‘dramatic actions’ haven’t been for any cause. Most of them have been to annoy my parents.† I actually found myself a little jealous of that. I couldn’t fathom purposely trying to get a reaction from my dad – though I’d certainly wanted to. â€Å"I think love’s a noble reason,† I told him. I was speaking objectively, of course. I’d never been in love and had no point of reference to really judge. Based on what I’d observed in others, I assumed it was an amazing thing†¦ but for now, I was too busy with my job to notice its absence. I wondered if I should be disappointed by that. â€Å"And I think you have plenty of time to do other noble things.† He chuckled. â€Å"Never thought my biggest cheerleader would be someone who thought I was evil and unnatural.† That made two of us. Hesitantly, I managed to ask a question that had been burning inside me. â€Å"Do you still love her? Rose?† Along with not knowing what it felt like to be in love, I also didn’t know how long it took to recover from love. Adrian’s smile faded. His gaze turned inward. â€Å"Yes. No. It’s hard to get over someone like that. She had a huge effect on me, both good and bad. That’s hard to move past. I try not to think about her much in terms of love and hate. Mostly I’m trying to get on with my life. With mixed results, unfortunately.† We soon reached the college. Wes Regan was a big man with a salt-and-pepper beard who worked in Carlton’s registration office. Ms. Terwilliger had tutored Wes’s niece for free one summer, and Wes felt he owed her a favor. â€Å"Here’s the deal,† he said once we were seated across from him. Adrian was wearing khaki pants and a sage-colored button-down shirt that would’ve been great for job interviews. A little too late. â€Å"I can’t just enroll you. College applications are long and require transcripts, and there’s no way you can swing one in two days. What I can do is get you in as an auditor.† â€Å"Like with the IRS?† asked Adrian. â€Å"No. Auditing means you’re attending the class and doing the work but not getting a grade for it.† Adrian opened his mouth to speak, and I could only imagine what comment he had about doing work for no credit. I quickly interrupted him. â€Å"And then what?† â€Å"Then, if you can throw together an application in, oh, a week or two – and are accepted – I can retroactively change you to student status.† â€Å"What about financial aid?† asked Adrian, leaning forward. â€Å"Can I get some money for this?† â€Å"If you qualify,† said Wes. â€Å"But you can’t really file for it until you’ve been accepted.† Adrian slumped back, and I was able to guess his thoughts. If getting enrolled would take a couple of weeks, there’d undoubtedly be a delay with the financial aid filing too. Adrian was looking at a month or more of living with Clarence, and that was probably optimistic. I half-expected Adrian to get up and nix everything. Instead, a resolute expression crossed his face. He nodded. â€Å"Okay. Let’s get started with this auditing thing.† I was impressed. I was also jealous when Wes brought out the course catalog. I’d been able to lull myself into contentment with Amberwood’s classes, but looking at real college offerings showed me the two schools were worlds away. The history classes were more focused and in depth than anything I could have imagined. Adrian had no interest in those, however. He immediately honed in on the art department. He ended up signing up for two introductory courses in oil painting and in watercolors. They met three times a week and were conveniently back-toback. â€Å"That’ll make it easier if I’m busing in,† he explained as we were leaving. I gave him a startled look. â€Å"You’re taking the bus?† He seemed amused by my astonishment. â€Å"What else? Classes are in the daytime. You can’t take me.† I thought about Clarence’s remote house. â€Å"Where on earth would you catch the bus?† â€Å"There’s a stop about a half mile away. It transfers to another bus that goes to Carlton. The whole trip takes about an hour.† I confess, it left me speechless. I was amazed that Adrian had researched that much, let alone was willing to go to all that trouble. Yet on the ride back, he never uttered one word of complaint about how inconvenient it would be or how long he’d have to wait to move out of Clarence’s. When I arrived back at Amberwood, I was excited to tell Jill the news about Adrian’s collegiate success – not that she needed me to tell her. With the bond, she would probably know more than I did. Still, she always worried about him and would undoubtedly be pleased to see something go well for him. Jill wasn’t in our room when I returned, but a note informed me she was studying elsewhere in the dorm. The only bright part of her punishment was that it limited where she could be at any time. I decided to use this opportunity to go make Ms. Terwilliger’s crazy amulet. I’d accrued most of the necessary ingredients, and along with compliance from the biology teacher, Ms. Terwilliger had secured me access to one of the chemistry labs. No one was there this time of night, and it gave me plenty of space and quiet to mix up the concoction. As we’d noted, the instructions were extremely detailed and – in my opinion – superfluous. It wasn’t enough to just measure out the nettle leaves. The instructions called for them â€Å"to rest for an hour,† during which time I was supposed to say to them, â€Å"into thee, flame I imbue† every ten minutes. I also had to boil the agate stone â€Å"to infuse it with heat.† The rest of the instructions were similar, and I knew there was no way Ms. Terwilliger would actually know if I followed everything to the letter – particularly the chants. Still, the whole purpose of this stunt was to report on what it was like to be an ancient practitioner. So, I followed everything dutifully and concentrated so hard on performing every step perfectly that I soon fell into a lull where nothing existed except the spell. I finished over two hours later and was surprised at how exhausted I felt. The final result certainly didn’t seem to justify all the energy I’d expended. I was left with a leather cord from which hung a silk pouch filled with leaves and rocks. I carted it and my notes back to my dorm room, intending to write up my report for Ms. Terwilliger so that I could put this assignment behind me. When I reached my room, I gasped when I saw the door. Someone had taken red paint and drawn bats and fanged faces all over it. Scrawled across the front, in big blocky letters, were the words VAMP GIRL Full of panic, I burst into the room. Jill was there – along with Mrs. Weathers and another teacher I didn’t know. They were going through all of our things. I stared in disbelief. â€Å"What’s going on?† I asked. Jill shook her head, face mortified, and couldn’t answer. I’d apparently arrived at the end of the search because Mrs. Weathers and her associate soon finished up and walked to the door. I was glad I’d taken my Alchemist supplies with me to the lab tonight. The kit contained a few measuring tools I had thought I might need. I certainly didn’t want to explain why I owned a collection of chemicals to dorm authorities. â€Å"Well,† said Mrs. Weathers sternly. â€Å"There doesn’t appear to be anything here, but I may do another spot check later – so don’t get any ideas. You’re already in enough trouble without adding yet another charge to it.† She sighed and shook her head at Jill. â€Å"I’m very disappointed in you, Miss Melrose.† Jill blanched. â€Å"I’m telling you, it’s all a mistake!† â€Å"Let’s hope so,† said Mrs. Weathers ominously. â€Å"Let’s hope so. I’ve half a mind to make you clean up that vandalism outside, but in light of no hard proof†¦ well, we’ll have the janitors take care of it tomorrow.† Once our visitors were gone, I immediately demanded, â€Å"What happened?† Jill collapsed backward onto her bed and groaned. â€Å"Laurel happened.† I sat down. â€Å"Explain.† â€Å"Well, I called the library to see if they had those yearbooks in – the ones about Kelly Hayes? Turns out they do normally have them, but they’ve all been checked out by the newspaper staff for some Amberwood anniversary edition. And you’ll never believe who’s heading that project: Laurel.† â€Å"You’re right,† I said. â€Å"I never would have guessed that. Isn’t she in Freshman English?† Laurel was a senior. â€Å"Yup.† â€Å"I guess everyone needs an activity,† I muttered. Jill nodded. â€Å"Anyway, Miss Yamani was in the building, so I went to ask her about joining the sewing club and working for Lia. She was really excited and said she’d make it happen.† â€Å"Well, that’s something,† I said cautiously, still unsure how this was leading up to vandalism and a search of our room. â€Å"As I was coming back, I passed Laurel in the hall. I decided to take a chance†¦ I approached her and said look, I know we’ve had our differences but I could really use some help. Then I explained that I needed the yearbooks and asked if I could borrow them just for the night and that I’d get them back to her right away.† To this, I said nothing. It was certainly a noble and brave thing for Jill to do, particularly after I’d encouraged her to be better than Laurel. Unfortunately, I didn’t think Laurel would reciprocate the adult behavior. I was right. â€Å"She told me in†¦ well, very explicit terms that I’d never get those yearbooks.† Jill scowled. â€Å"She told me a few other things too. Then I, um, called her a raving bitch. I probably shouldn’t have, but, well, she deserved it! Anyway, she went to Mrs. Weathers with a bottle of†¦ I don’t know. I think it was raspberry schnapps. She claimed I sold it to her and had more in my room. Mrs. Weathers couldn’t punish me without harder evidence, but after Ms. Chang’s hangover accusation on the first day, Mrs. Weathers decided that was enough for a room search.† I shook my head in disbelief, anger growing within my chest. â€Å"For such an elite, prestigious place, this school sure is quick to jump on any accusations that come up! I mean, they believe anything anyone says about you. And where did the paint outside come from?† Tears of frustration glinted in her eyes. â€Å"Oh, Laurel, of course. Or, well, one of her friends. It happened while Laurel was talking to Mrs. Weathers, so of course she’s got an alibi. You don’t think†¦ you don’t think anyone’s on to anything, do you? You said before it’s just a mean joke†¦ and humans don’t even believe in us†¦ right?† â€Å"Right,† I said automatically. But I was beginning to wonder. Ever since that phone call with my father, when he’d mentioned that there were humans who suspected and wouldn’t be silenced, I’d wondered if I’d been too quick to dismiss Laurel’s teasing. Had she simply found a cruel joke to run with? Or was she one of those humans who suspected about the vampire world and might make a lot of noise about it? I doubted anyone would believe her, but we couldn’t risk attracting attention from someone who would. Is it possible she really thinks Jill is a vampire? Jill’s forlorn expression turned angry. â€Å"Maybe I should do something about Laurel. There are other ways to get back at her besides freezing water.† â€Å"No,† I said quickly. â€Å"Don’t lower yourself to that. Revenge is petty, and you’re better than that.† Plus, I thought, any more supernatural activity, and Laurel might realize her taunts have more backing than she originally thought. Jill gave me a sad smile. â€Å"You keep saying that. But don’t you think something needs to be done about Laurel?† Oh yes. I definitely did. This had gone too far, and I’d been wrong to let it slide. Jill was right that there were other ways to get back at someone. And I was right that revenge was petty and nothing that Jill should sully herself with. That was why I was going to do it. â€Å"I’ll take care of it,† I told her. â€Å"I – I’ll have the Alchemists issue a complaint from our parents.† She looked dubious. â€Å"You think that’ll fix things?† â€Å"Positive,† I said. Because that complaint was going to pack an extra punch. A glance at the time told me it was too late to go back to the lab. No problem. I simply set my alarm extra early, with the intent to get up and head back there before classes started. I had one more experiment in my future, and Laurel was going to be my guinea pig. How to cite Bloodlines Chapter Twenty, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Terrorism and Political Violence-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp

Question: How has Political Violence Changed through History? Answer: Introduction Politics has been related to violence since time immemorial. Many kingdoms have been established on the basis of political propaganda which contained basic ingredient of violence. Political violence mainly revolves around waging Wars for political gains and to stay in power. It is the most immaculate and tested instrument to establish political superiority. In the following essay discussion on the changing characteristics of political violence show history will be done (Della Porta, 2014). The changing trend of political violence can be seen through the lens of modernization democratization globalization and last but not the least on the basis of religion. These innuendos have seen it through the entire evolution of political violence through time. History has witnessed many wars which were started due to political reasons but ended up in unimaginable state of violence and chaos. So many prominent examples of political violence can be illustrated by the event of Holocaust before Second World War Holy crusades which was based purely on religious causes and their political propaganda. But in the modern world the political propaganda of violence has shifted to economic gains from political and administrative superiority which was the main reason of violence in the mediaeval era (Lakitsch, 2015).The following essay comprises of the change in the nature of political violence and its evolution through the political ambitions of modern day rulers. The essay discussion also contains the modern definition of political violence and the difference between previous agendas and the new reasons. The following essay is a comprehensive discussion on political violence. Modernization Starting from the mediaeval era modernization has been a cause of concern for the people in power who had complete control over the resources and the machinery. Modernization or thought and opportunities made people think on modern lines and most importantly about themselves and their overall growth and development (Amodio et al., 2017). This made the capitalists weak as their hold on the people started to loosen because people who were their peasants broke the shackles of bonded labor and started to earn for their own. This caused a political turmoil in that era which forced the capitalists to oppress and suppress the modernization of mentality and thought through the method of violence. During the industrial revolution and a decade after that there were many cases of execution and burning of villages in the entire Europe (Anthony Robison, 2017). This was the direct effect of modernization which caused political violence. Modernization caused enhancement of educational practices am ong the people who were previously ignorant and uneducated about the political system in which they were living. Education gave them the seat at the table which belonged to their Masters (Antonello, 2017). Realization of the level of oppression gave birth to the need of radical change which was done through violent rebellions. It was an after effect of political violence which was the root cause of these modern day revolts. Formation of political parties and groups for the purpose of fighting against the system gave rise to the system of violence from both sides which were unilateral before. There were many sentiments which developed in the advent of these events such as nationalization and secularization (Bauer et al., 2017). Political Violence in Early Twentieth Century As stated above violence has always been the brainchild of politics and in some way it is a requirement to fulfill political ambitions of people and of a nation taken collectively. In the early 20th century the two world wars which took place, because of the huge political ambitions of powerful nations and there rulers. The reason of occurrence of the First World War was territorial Supremacy and administrative authority over land (Cummings et al. 2017). The amount of violence which took place during the time of First World War was something which was not witness before in history. The consequences of War are as always destruction and chaos with loss of lives and money. Some parties became victorious and some countries what destroyed and doomed due to the prolonged violence. The loss of infrastructure and economy for many countries usually made their people rebellious and made another war imminent (Diprose, 2017). The effect of political violence caused during the First World War res ulted in the occurrence of the Second World War which was more brutal and inhuman than the former one. Violence makes innocent people rebellious as they are left with no choice then to avenge their loss. To make any revolt successful political base is required to move people and to convince them for the cause. It is very ironical but people tend to risk their lives for the political ambitions of few misguided leaders. There are many tools with which these political innuendos and induced in the minds of the masses who get easily seduced to the charm and charisma of violence (Gutirrez-Sann et al., 2017). Political Violence and Its Course through History Violence has been the cause of concern for the society since ancient times. There have been changed in trends in the types of violence in which political violence is considered to be the most detrimental factor and the most efficient one to create chaotic situations (Bell, 2017). Wars and events of violence in ancient history and even in the mediaeval history assorted in the pages of history for which the reasons were political dominance, occupation of territory, geographical superiority of land and its resources, ethnic and cultural diversity of people, ambition of the rulers and vague personal reasons. But as the modernization took place the trend of political violence shifted from territorial supremacy towards economic and political ambitions which were believe to be more realistic and far-fetched then just having the command over resources (Lynch Argomaniz, 2017).Due to the political violence under development of many countries in many parts of the world have happened. But when the contemporary world is taken into consideration it has been observed that the incidences of political violence have been decreased since the Second World War. After the cold war these incidents of political violence which happened from time to time also fell sharply. The entire world is looking towards peace and conflict resolving methods for which many International organizations have been set up who are the guardians and protectors of peace and to avoid and mitigate political violence across the world (McCleery Edwards, 2017).When compared to the number of incidences political violence in ancient and mediaeval history it is observed that in the contemporary world the reasons and the number of incidences have changed quite a lot. But one thing stays common which is the reason of economic superiority. In the older times political violence was an instrument of rich and capable countries who maintained their own Armies to show their dominance of power and their political ambitions (Rak, 2017). Violence was done to suppress rebellions and Conquer territories. But on the contrary in the contemporary world political violence has become a tool of the weakened Nations full ac in resources man artillery. The main reasons of violence in these countries are the resources of survival such as food water oil and environmental factors. It has been observed that not only the kind of conflicts but also the number of incidences have declined after the Second World War (Reimann, 2017). Political violence incidents which were termed as extra systemic which was originally the violent struggles of decolonization became a thing of the 1970s. Recently it has been observed that the interstate conflicts and its incidents have drastically reduced. On the contrary the number of civil conflicts which became an international political violence incident has grown since the unfortunate event of 9/11. In recent years all the political violence incidents have been internationalized (Diprose, 2017).Previously political violence was executed through proxy Wars conflict traps and other instruments of violence which were centralized and were monitored through capable government institutions. All these reasons were somewhat politically?motivated and had political and economic implications (Sageman, 2017). But after the end of cold war era , terrorism and extremism has taken the space of older instruments of political violence. Terrorism in the name of religious causes had been in vogue since last two decades which had caused unfathomable loss of life and infrastructure all around the globe. Changing Methods and Trends of Political Violence Trends of political violence and the types of conflicts which can be distinguished by forms after ideological base and the nature of mobilization, characteristics of warfare and the length of their external influence have changed with the time(Cummings et al., 2017).Some of these political violence execution methods have been illustrated below which have changed their nature through history. Proxy Wars: During the time of cold war era the eastern and the western countries favored many nations in which some fought due to the conflicts and had Advisors arms and ammunitions and funds. These small and big countries aimed to acquire a particular country to have it on their side. Some of the examples can be seen in the wars of Central America, Afghanistan, Mozambique and Vietnam (Della Porta, 2014). Wars in some of these countries ended with the cold war but in countries like Afghanistan political violence continued and gained a shape of its own. Proxy conflicts of new variety came into existence as a war against the terrorist organizations. It can be exemplified by the US counter insurgency operations which took place in the Muslim countries like Philippines (Lakitsch, 2015). These proxy conflicts were originally started to suppress the secessionist Muslim terrorist organizations and proxy Nations like Taliban in Pakistan. Military Interventions: Military intervention was the most basic and prominent tool for political violence execution in previous days. But after the cold war era this method of political intervention has only been used frequently by the western countries like US. Military intervention in Afghanistan and in Iraq are some of the examples of political violence execution done by a military superpower to fulfill its own political and economic ambitions (Anthony Robison, 2017).One example of such military intervention can be observed in Cambodia where Vietnam invaded the country for political and strategic reasons. Ideological Wars: Political wars which are based on ideological grounds and had Revolutionary impact over the citizens of a country targeted to disturb the peace of a nation and to overturn the order which is previously established. Some of these ideological wars can be exemplified by the Cambodian conflict, war in Peru, Maoist rebellion in Nepal and same type of conflict in Syria which was to establish Sharia law (Antonello, 2017). Wars for Independence: Wars which were waged for independence of a nation and autonomy is the most naive form of political violence. With the advent of modernization many country in the world which were a military superpower fought for their Independence and establishment of democracy and republicanism. Although the violence was politically motivated it was for the greater good of the country (Amodio et al., 2017).Some examples of the countries where war for independence was fought Ethiopia, Sri Lanka, Russia, Spain, Philippines, South Sudan and Nigeria. Wars for Political Supremacy: Wars based on the reason of retaining a political supremacy and to acquire it has been political violence tool which has affected many specific cultures, religions and ethnicity. Some of these kinds of wars had started from small conflict between coalition groups and ethnic groups which took shape of huge wars in later days (Gutirrez-Sann et al., 2017).Countries which have experienced these kinds of wars are Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and Northern Ireland. Explanation of Political Violence Political violence has some motivational factors which drives it towards execution. Some of the factors are discussed below. Group Motivation Political violence is different from criminal violence which induced buy a common sentiment of people who are in power and who seek authoritative control over a particular region. People of that specific area are grouped on the basis of ethnicity or religion or a common sentiment of a country. Then in that case the political motives of these groups are stated as group motives political violence (Rak, 2017). Since each group is categorized ant responds to a common banner the political conflict is against a common enemy which makes people politically connected to each other and to Resort to violent means to gain Independence and liberation. Some examples of these group motivations as a reason of political violence were observed in the countries of Bosnia, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Rwanda, Philippines, Burundi and Northern Ireland (Sageman, 2017). Private Motivation People who fight for their personal and private gains and ambitions have been mostly observed to have economic reasons to practice political violence. Terrorism is the best example of this kind of political violence in which people are categorized who have common economic or religious interest (Altier et al., 2013). In this type of political violence young and uneducated man are hired as mercenaries and they are deployed as soldiers seek an opportunity to loot and plunder some specific resource rich areas to gain monetary benefits by selling the loot. This kind of political violence has been observed in countries where there is lack of employment opportunities, natural resources and low possibilities of income (Antonello, 2017). The entire Central African region is affected by this kind of political violence where basic needs of sustainability such as food and water are in a very limited quantity. Failure of Social Contract Another reason of political violence can be stated as the failure of social machinery of a country. People who have grievances to the government offer country and have ill thoughts for its political machinery Resort to violent means to and the reign of that government (Della Porta, 2014). Dictatorship is the most common type of government where this kind of political violence is seen to happen. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded from the above discussion that political violence has been a part and parcel of the international and world affairs which can be observed throughout history. Every era has been affected by the notion of political violence no matter what the reason was for the execution of this instrument of dominance. The reasons of political violence vary through time and place across the world as the situations and scenarios differed. Leaders of particular countries having different status in the world have resorted to different methods of political violence as they seemed convenient and so necessary. In the contemporary world the nature of political violence and its reasons have modified from the previous ones but the main theme remains the same as the establishments of political agendas are still there. From the above discussion it can be concluded that how the modernization has changed the status of political violence and what were the factors which proved to be detrimen tal to the peace and stability of the respective country where political violence was resorted to. With changing time the instruments of political violence also upgraded itself from just being proxy Wars to military interventions, being ideologically motivated which sometimes led to wars of independence. In recent years the motivational factor of political violence has evolved to be motivated by group, motivated by individual ambitions and failure of state machinery. It can be summed up that political violence is an unending phenomenon. References Altier, M., Martin, S., Weinberg, L. (2013). Introduction to the Special Issue on Violence, Elections, and Party Politics.Terrorism And Political Violence,25(1), 1-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2013.733241 Amodio, F., Di Maio, M., Baccini, L. (2017). 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(2017). The 1988 murders of Corporal David Howes and Corporal Derek Wood: a micro dynamic analysis of political violence during the Northern Ireland conflict.Critical Military Studies, 1-19. Noyes, J. (2013).The politics of iconoclasm. London: I.B. Tauris. Rak, J. (2017). Dealing with Trauma Experience and Political Violence Memory. Reimann, A. (2017). Local Brawls and Global Confrontation: Transnational Political Violence among the Exiled Left in Mexico City during 1943.Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research,23(1), 1-17. Sageman, M. (2017).Turning to Political Violence: The Emergence of Terrorism. University of Pennsylvania Press.